Metastatic incidence of (PET)CT positive lung hilar and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in esophageal cancer patients

BackgroundExtra-regional lymph node metastases strongly determine treatment options in patients with esophageal cancer. Staging modalities such as (FDG-PET) CT scanning frequently show activity in retroperitoneal and lung hilar lymph nodes. This study evaluated the incidence of histologically confirmed metastases, treatment approach and recurrence patterns in patients with (FDG-PET) CT positivity in these regions.MethodsAll patients with (FDG-PET-) CT positive hilar and/or retroperitoneal lymph nodes at primary staging or restaging discussed at a multidisciplinary tumor board meeting for staging of esophageal cancer between January 2012–December 2017 were included. Biopsies and follow-up were evaluated to determine the presence of metastases and progression rates.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2017, 65 of 857 patients (7.6%) were selected with positive retroperitoneal and/or hilar lymph nodes. A total of 47/65 (72.3%) patients had positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes, which contained metastases in 19 (29.2%). When no biopsy was performed and curative treatment was given (n = 14), 9 patients had progression or locoregional and distant recurrence. Positive hilar lymph nodes were identified in 21 (32.3%) patients; 4 were biopsied and none contained metastases. In these patients no recurrence of disease was seen during follow-up.ConclusionsThe majority of biopsied (PET)CT-positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes at staging contained metastases, while biopsied (PET)CT-positive hilar nodes did not. Histological evaluation of (PET)CT -positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes at staging imaging is recommended, while based on this small series, (PET)CT-positive hilar lymph nodes most likely represent reactive lymphadenopathy.     

PBL与CBL教学法在留学生实验诊断教学的应用探讨

目的探讨PBL与CBL教学法在留学生实验诊断教学的应用效果。方法将PBL联合案例教学法(CBL)应用于临床医学本科留学生实验诊断教学,与大班传统讲授教学方法(对照组)相比较,通过问卷调查和成绩分析学习效果。结果试验组在激发学习兴趣和培养临床思维能力方面均高于对照组,理论知识的成绩和实习的成绩也是试验组优于对照组,P<0.05。结论PBL与CBL教学联合应用于实验诊断教学中能够有效提高教学质量,并受到学生的认可和喜爱。     

CD40靶向小干扰RNA抑制大鼠异体肢体移植急性排斥反应后细胞凋亡及P53、P21表达

目的探讨CD40靶向小干扰RNA（即短发夹RNA，shRNA）对大鼠异体肢体移植急性排斥反应及细胞凋亡的影响。方法以纯系SD大鼠为供体，纯系Wistar大鼠为受体，行同种异体右后肢移植。27只大鼠肢体移植后随机分为3组：实验组．注射梭华一Sofast（15μl）-siCD40—2，pSilencer（100μg）载体复合物600μl；空载体对照组，在肢体移植后，即注射Sofast（15μl）-pSilencer4．1-CMVneo（100μg）空载体复合物600μl；生理盐水对照组，在肢体移植注射生理盐水600μl。观察移植物排斥反应征象及存活情况，并于第7天对产生免疫耐受大鼠进行混合淋巴细胞反应（MLR），同时进行组织学检查。结果与其他组相比．实验组移植物发生排斥反应的时间及存活时间均显著延长（P〈0．01）（〉13d），未见排斥反应征象，其他组均于术后近期发生排斥反应；实验组大鼠对供体的淋巴细胞呈现低反应性，移植的供体同系大鼠的肢体得以存活。实验组移植物细胞凋亡率低于其他组。结论在术后不应用免疫抑制剂的情况下，CD40靶向的shRNA干扰可以抗大鼠异体肢体移植急性排斥反应。     

Study of electroacupuncture with different frequencies for the treatment of headache and anxiety-depression symptoms in patients with migraine: A randomized clinical trial: 不同频率电针改善偏头痛患者头痛及焦虑抑郁症状的差异性研究-随机临床试验

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) with varied frequencies on headache and anxiety-depression symptoms in patients with migraine and to screen optimal frequency of EA for patients with such conditions.DesignSingle-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial was designed, and the outcome assessors and statisticians were blinded. The patients with migraine were randomized into 2 Hz EA group, 100 Hz EA group and sham-stimulation group. In each group, the changes in migraine attacks, days with headache, the scores of visual analogy scale (VAS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and migraine-specific quality-of-life questionnaire (MSQ), as well as the dosage of analgesics were observed at the baseline, during treatment, in 1, 2 and 3 months of follow-up separately.SettingPatients were enrolled in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, between 1^st August 2018 and 31^st July 2021.ParticipantsSixty-five migraine patients with or without aura.InterventionsIn the EA groups, the acupoints were bilateral Fengchi (GB20), Gongxue (Extra), Sizhukong (TE23), Taiyang (EX-HN5), Shuaigu (GB8), Waiguan (TE5) and Yanglingquan (GB34). Electric stimulation was exerted at GB20 and Gongxue (Extra), with 2 Hz and 100 Hz separately. In the sham-stimulation group, the shallow acupuncture was operated at the sites 1 cm lateral to GB20 and Gongxue (Extra), and on the radial side of TE5 and GB34. The output wires were cut off after attached to the acupoints. The patients in each group received the treatment 3 times weekly, once every two days, for consecutive 4 weeks. The complete intervention was composed of 12 treatments.Main outcome measuresChanges in numbers of migraine attacks at treatment phase (week 1 to week 4) from the baseline(week -4 to week 0) in patients of each groupResults(1) Changes in migraine attacks and days with headache: In the 2 Hz EA and 100 Hz EA groups, the changes for migraine attacks and days of headache were higher significantly when compared with that in the sham-stimulation group at the same time stage (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between two EA groups. (2) Changes of VAS score: In the 2 Hz EA and 100 Hz EA groups, the changes of VAS score were significantly higher when compared with that in the sham-stimulation group at the same time stage (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between two EA groups. (3) Assessment of anxiety and depression: The differences in the changes of SAS and SDS scores had no statistical significance in patients of each group at each assessment stage (P > 0.05). (4) Assessment on the quality of life: Compared with the sham-stimulation group at the same time stage, the improvement in MSQ score was increased significantly during treatment in patients of the 2 Hz EA and 100 Hz groups (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between two EA groups. (5) Assessment on safety and compliance: The patients of each group had sound compliance. There was no adverse events during trial, suggesting promising safety of treatment.ConclusionEA may effectively reduce the migraine attacks, and the days and intensity of headache, presenting promising safety. However, there was no significant improvement on anxiety-depression symptoms, and no significant difference between high and low frequencies of EA treatment in relieving headache and anxiety/depression symptoms in the patients with migraine.Trial registrationChiCTR1800017259     

外周血miR-299-5p和miR-127-3p的表达水平与非综合征型唇腭裂相关性研究

目的:研究外周血中miR-299-5p和miR-127-3p的表达水平与非综合征型唇腭裂(NSOC)的相关性。方法:选取于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院就诊的唇裂伴或不伴腭裂(CL/P)患儿、单纯腭裂(CPO)患儿和健康儿童各10例,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR)检测各组外周血中miR-299-5p和miR-127-3p的表达水平,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和曲线下面积(AUC)分析其对NSOC的诊断效能。结果:与健康对照组相比,CL/P组和CPO组miR-299-5p和miR-127-3p的表达下调,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。miR-299-5p、miR-127-3p及其联合诊断NSOC的AUC分别为0.770(95%CI:0.558~0.982)、0.810(95%CI:0.651~0.969)、0.915(95%CI:0.754~0.985)。结论:NSOC患儿外周血miR-299-5p和miR-127-3p表达下调,可能与NSOC的发生有关,其可能成为诊断NSOC的潜在生物标记物,且二者联合诊断效能更优。     

Late arrhythmias in patients with new-onset persistent left bundle branch block after transcatheter aortic valve replacement using a balloon-expandable valve

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The critical role of therapeutic plasma exchange in ABO-incompatible liver transplantation

BackgroundThe shortage of donor liver restricts liver transplantation (LT). Nowadays, donor liver with ABO blood group incompatibility between donor and recipient has become an option to expand the source of donor liver. Although it is now possible to perform ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) LT, antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) has been recognized as the primary cause of desperate outcomes after ABO-I LT. Anti-A/B antibody is the trigger of immune response to ABO-I LT graft injury. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) can quickly reduce the titer of plasma antibodies and effectively inhibit humoral immunity.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed and CNKI databases using search terms “therapeutic plasma exchange”, “ABO-incompatible liver transplantation”, “ABO-I LT”, “liver transplantation”, “LT”, “antibody-mediated rejection”, and “AMR”. Additional publications were identified by a manual search of references from key articles. The relevant publications published before September 30, 2020 were included in this review.ResultsDifferent centers have made different attempts on whether to use TPE, when to use TPE and how often to use TPE. However, the control standard of lectin revision level is always controversial, the target titer varies significantly from center to center, and the standard target titer has not yet been established. TPE has several schemes to reduce antibody titers, but there is a lack of clinical trials that provide standardized procedures.ConclusionsTPE is essential for ABO-I LT. Hence, further research and clinical trials should be conducted to determine the best regimen for TPE to remove ABO antibodies and prevent AMR.     

根管超声冲洗的计算流体动力学分析

目的应用计算机模型分析当超声工作尖位于根管内一定深度时冲洗液的计算流体动力学特点,以期为临床应用提供参考。方法首先使用扫描激光振测系统扫描超声工作尖,分析其在一定功率下的振动特点。然后应用ICEM CFD 18.0软件建立根管超声冲洗模型,设置超声工作尖放置的位置为距根尖止点1 mm,通过FLUENT 18.0软件获取结果云图,分析冲洗液的空化体积分数、流动速度及其对根尖压力。结果超声工作尖振动是以横向振动为主伴轻微的纵向振动;工作尖各部分横向振动的幅度均不同,工作尖尖端振幅最大,越靠近锉基部,振幅越小。冲洗液空化体积分数大于0的区域集中在工作尖周围;在工作尖周围冲洗液流速较大,最高达2 m/s,在工作尖前方约0.2 mm内,冲洗液流速大于0.1 m/s,而在距根尖0.8 mm范围内,冲洗液流速较小甚至为0;根尖压力为非正压。结论根据实验结果推断,当超声工作尖放在距根尖1 mm处时,冲洗液不会溢出根尖孔,冲洗过程相对安全;同时冲洗液在工作尖前方约0.2 mm内冲洗作用较强。     

复方维生素E口腔药膜含量测定方法研究

目的改进复方维生素E口腔药膜现有质量标准。方法将药膜放入少量纯化水中,水浴加热,溶解后,滴加适量无水乙醇,上清液加甲醇稀释。色谱柱为Sinochrom ODS-BP柱(200 mm×4. 6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-异丙醇(88∶12,V/V),流速为1. 0 m L/min,检测波长为284 nm,柱温为40℃,进样量为10μL。结果维生素E质量浓度在50~800μg/m L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0. 999 9);精密度和稳定性均良好,RSD分别为1. 13%和0. 71%;平均加样回收率为95. 55%和100. 56%,RSD为2. 66%和1. 46%(n=3);6批药膜中维生素E的含量分别为标示量的98. 10%~101. 70%。结论热溶法将膜剂中有效物质的提取回收率大于95. 00%,显著高于超声波的提取率。该方法操作简便、结果准确、专属性强、重复性好,可用于复方维生素E口腔药膜中维生素E含量的快速测定。     

人工髋关节置换术后早期活动的近期疗效分析

目的评价人工髋关节置换术(THR)术后患者康复情况及其疗效。方法选择84例行人工THR治疗患者,其中男性48例,女性36例;年龄32~89岁,平均年龄60.7岁。行人工THR。术后进行近期康复情况随访,应用髋关节Harris功能评分法与视觉模拟评分法(VAS)对疗效进行分析。同时对比分析单侧及双侧人工THR后疗效差异。结果 84例病例均获访,平均随访时间12~18个月。其中股骨头缺血坏死、髋关节骨性关节炎、先天性髋关节发育不良的随访患者Harris评分由术前的39.81±8.73提高到术后的79.05±5.13。病因为股骨粗隆间骨折、股骨颈骨折的随访患者VAS由术前6.42±0.89降低到术后1.28±0.50。行同期双侧人工THR治疗的随访患者与行单侧THR治疗患者术后Harris评分比较,差异无显著统计学意义。结论单侧、同期双侧THR后早期活动有助于患者术后髋关节功能的改善,提高日常功能。同期双侧THR治疗对髋关节疾病患者的近期预后疗效可靠,不会因一期遭受双侧同时手术,受手术时间长、出血多、创伤大等因素影响近期预后恢复。